{"id":1127,"date":"2025-06-12T17:25:33","date_gmt":"2025-06-12T17:25:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/?page_id=1127"},"modified":"2025-08-14T16:41:36","modified_gmt":"2025-08-14T16:41:36","slug":"projects-sandbox","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/index.php\/projects-sandbox\/","title":{"rendered":"Projects"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1127\" class=\"elementor elementor-1127\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ab85f5a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-eae-slider=\"26597\" data-id=\"ab85f5a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e28a168\" data-eae-slider=\"36536\" data-id=\"e28a168\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-613b1cba elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"613b1cba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What are the molecular and cellular steps that govern presynaptic assembly and determine presynaptic function?\n\n<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f3b8a7b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-eae-slider=\"10261\" data-id=\"f3b8a7b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;shape_divider_bottom&quot;:&quot;wave-brush&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shape elementor-shape-bottom\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-negative=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 283.5 27.8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\">\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" d=\"M283.5,9.7c0,0-7.3,4.3-14,4.6c-6.8,0.3-12.6,0-20.9-1.5c-11.3-2-33.1-10.1-44.7-5.7\ts-12.1,4.6-18,7.4c-6.6,3.2-20,9.6-36.6,9.3C131.6,23.5,99.5,7.2,86.3,8c-1.4,0.1-6.6,0.8-10.5,2c-3.8,1.2-9.4,3.8-17,4.7\tc-3.2,0.4-8.3,1.1-14.2,0.9c-1.5-0.1-6.3-0.4-12-1.6c-5.7-1.2-11-3.1-15.8-3.7C6.5,9.2,0,10.8,0,10.8V0h283.5V9.7z M260.8,11.3\tc-0.7-1-2-0.4-4.3-0.4c-2.3,0-6.1-1.2-5.8-1.1c0.3,0.1,3.1,1.5,6,1.9C259.7,12.2,261.4,12.3,260.8,11.3z M242.4,8.6\tc0,0-2.4-0.2-5.6-0.9c-3.2-0.8-10.3-2.8-15.1-3.5c-8.2-1.1-15.8,0-15.1,0.1c0.8,0.1,9.6-0.6,17.6,1.1c3.3,0.7,9.3,2.2,12.4,2.7\tC239.9,8.7,242.4,8.6,242.4,8.6z M185.2,8.5c1.7-0.7-13.3,4.7-18.5,6.1c-2.1,0.6-6.2,1.6-10,2c-3.9,0.4-8.9,0.4-8.8,0.5\tc0,0.2,5.8,0.8,11.2,0c5.4-0.8,5.2-1.1,7.6-1.6C170.5,14.7,183.5,9.2,185.2,8.5z M199.1,6.9c0.2,0-0.8-0.4-4.8,1.1\tc-4,1.5-6.7,3.5-6.9,3.7c-0.2,0.1,3.5-1.8,6.6-3C197,7.5,199,6.9,199.1,6.9z M283,6c-0.1,0.1-1.9,1.1-4.8,2.5s-6.9,2.8-6.7,2.7\tc0.2,0,3.5-0.6,7.4-2.5C282.8,6.8,283.1,5.9,283,6z M31.3,11.6c0.1-0.2-1.9-0.2-4.5-1.2s-5.4-1.6-7.8-2C15,7.6,7.3,8.5,7.7,8.6\tC8,8.7,15.9,8.3,20.2,9.3c2.2,0.5,2.4,0.5,5.7,1.6S31.2,11.9,31.3,11.6z M73,9.2c0.4-0.1,3.5-1.6,8.4-2.6c4.9-1.1,8.9-0.5,8.9-0.8\tc0-0.3-1-0.9-6.2-0.3S72.6,9.3,73,9.2z M71.6,6.7C71.8,6.8,75,5.4,77.3,5c2.3-0.3,1.9-0.5,1.9-0.6c0-0.1-1.1-0.2-2.7,0.2\tC74.8,5.1,71.4,6.6,71.6,6.7z 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elementor-element-fe7db85\" data-eae-slider=\"46934\" data-id=\"fe7db85\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec24c59 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ec24c59\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#section2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2025\/04\/nrx-graphical-abstract-v9-cropped-300x300.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-1133\" alt=\"active zone assembly\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2025\/04\/nrx-graphical-abstract-v9-cropped-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2025\/04\/nrx-graphical-abstract-v9-cropped-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2025\/04\/nrx-graphical-abstract-v9-cropped-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2025\/04\/nrx-graphical-abstract-v9-cropped-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2025\/04\/nrx-graphical-abstract-v9-cropped-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2025\/04\/nrx-graphical-abstract-v9-cropped-2048x2048.png 2048w, https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2025\/04\/nrx-graphical-abstract-v9-cropped-600x600.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97fba7e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97fba7e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #106a75\"><b>SYNAPSE DEVELOPMENT<\/b><\/span><\/h1>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a824750\" data-eae-slider=\"20879\" data-id=\"a824750\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c27296 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5c27296\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#section5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2025\/05\/All-Variants_calcium-channel-mutations-figure-EDITABLE-version-of-Max-Zuluaga-figure-v2-open-and-inactive-channels-ADAPTED-crop-v1-1-300x300.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-1354\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2025\/05\/All-Variants_calcium-channel-mutations-figure-EDITABLE-version-of-Max-Zuluaga-figure-v2-open-and-inactive-channels-ADAPTED-crop-v1-1-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2025\/05\/All-Variants_calcium-channel-mutations-figure-EDITABLE-version-of-Max-Zuluaga-figure-v2-open-and-inactive-channels-ADAPTED-crop-v1-1-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2025\/05\/All-Variants_calcium-channel-mutations-figure-EDITABLE-version-of-Max-Zuluaga-figure-v2-open-and-inactive-channels-ADAPTED-crop-v1-1-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2025\/05\/All-Variants_calcium-channel-mutations-figure-EDITABLE-version-of-Max-Zuluaga-figure-v2-open-and-inactive-channels-ADAPTED-crop-v1-1-600x600.png 600w, https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2025\/05\/All-Variants_calcium-channel-mutations-figure-EDITABLE-version-of-Max-Zuluaga-figure-v2-open-and-inactive-channels-ADAPTED-crop-v1-1.png 986w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37486c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"37486c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #106a75\"><b>CHARACTERIZING PATIENT VARIANTS IN PRESYNAPTIC CALCIUM CHANNELS<\/b><\/span><\/h1>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4926ee5a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-eae-slider=\"35287\" data-id=\"4926ee5a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-36bc2caf\" data-eae-slider=\"2024\" data-id=\"36bc2caf\" data-element_type=\"column\" id=\"section2\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d38fdac elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"d38fdac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2dadb6f4 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2dadb6f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" id=\"#section2\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 id=\"yui_3_17_2_1_1582175530814_190\">What is the order of assembly at nascent presynaptic specializations?<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-1e0bcdd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-eae-slider=\"51020\" data-id=\"1e0bcdd\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-bf0baf8\" data-eae-slider=\"15110\" data-id=\"bf0baf8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff0722d elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"ff0722d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;hosted&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;play_on_mobile&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;loop&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-hosted-video elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<video class=\"elementor-video\" src=\"https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2025\/05\/detection-of-synaptic-proteins-at-early-stages-of-synapse-formation-in-the-embryonic-nerve-ring-video.mp4\" autoplay=\"\" loop=\"\" controls=\"\" playsinline=\"\" controlsList=\"nodownload\"><\/video>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d8b8411 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d8b8411\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Visualizing presynaptic protein accumulation in the embryonic nerve ring over development.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45bfab elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e45bfab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"325\" src=\"https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2025\/05\/nrx-2023-paper-model-figure-v13-true-portriat-orientation-768x325.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-1305\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2025\/05\/nrx-2023-paper-model-figure-v13-true-portriat-orientation-768x325.png 768w, https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2025\/05\/nrx-2023-paper-model-figure-v13-true-portriat-orientation-300x127.png 300w, https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2025\/05\/nrx-2023-paper-model-figure-v13-true-portriat-orientation-1024x434.png 1024w, https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2025\/05\/nrx-2023-paper-model-figure-v13-true-portriat-orientation-1536x651.png 1536w, https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2025\/05\/nrx-2023-paper-model-figure-v13-true-portriat-orientation.png 1598w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e65aec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7e65aec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>We have found that the presynaptic scaffold protein SYD-1 coordinates presynaptic assembly through interactions with phospholipids in the membrane including PIP2. SYD-1 then subsequently recruits the cell-adhesion molecule neurexin, which serves to stabilize these nascent assemblies (Frankel et al., 2025).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-897d013 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-eae-slider=\"26429\" data-id=\"897d013\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7ecb1fd\" data-eae-slider=\"3857\" data-id=\"7ecb1fd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bca600c elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"bca600c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;hosted&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;play_on_mobile&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;loop&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-hosted-video elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<video class=\"elementor-video\" src=\"https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2025\/05\/syd-1-c2-domain-is-predicted-to-bind-directly-to-the-membrane.mov\" autoplay=\"\" loop=\"\" controls=\"\" playsinline=\"\" controlsList=\"nodownload\"><\/video>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6f09df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d6f09df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Molecular dynamics simulation of SYD-1\u2019s C2 domain interacting with PIP2 (green) in the plasma membrane.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63a3ab13 elementor-widget-divider--view-line_icon elementor-view-default elementor-widget-divider--element-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"63a3ab13\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" id=\"Layer_1\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" viewBox=\"0 0 875 875\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 875 875;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><style type=\"text\/css\">\t.st0{fill:#FFFFFF;}\t.st1{fill:none;stroke:#FFFFFF;stroke-width:0.75;stroke-miterlimit:10;}<\/style><g>\t<path d=\"M856.21,372.87c-2.73-34.66-56.95-59.5-116.9-57.58c-68.8,2.21-144.64,120.25-186.25,117.59   c-78.87-5.04-140.66-159.6-260.88-123.66c-95.06,27.81-82.88,89.61-139.99,128.31C103.33,474.74,12,373.58,12,373.58   s74.01,134.86,136.42,129.69c62.41-5.17,99.76-102.26,167.3-122.88s116.51,123.91,218.26,125.86   c102.07,1.95,172.07-117.99,211.87-129.93C785.78,364.35,847.86,390.05,856.21,372.87z\"><\/path><\/g><g>\t\t\t<ellipse transform=\"matrix(0.2111 -0.9775 0.9775 0.2111 292.2437 1063.4667)\" class=\"st0\" cx=\"804.98\" cy=\"350.68\" rx=\"8.99\" ry=\"13.79\"><\/ellipse>\t<ellipse class=\"st0\" cx=\"734.65\" cy=\"348.79\" rx=\"20.59\" ry=\"13.66\"><\/ellipse>\t<path class=\"st1\" d=\"M738.51,349.27c10.12-1.06,69.72-11.11,120.49,28.29\"><\/path><\/g><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6303f32 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6303f32\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 id=\"yui_3_17_2_1_1582175530814_190\">What is the role of Neurexin in presynaptic development?<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-b44990f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-eae-slider=\"49978\" data-id=\"b44990f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-54f8938\" data-eae-slider=\"17382\" data-id=\"54f8938\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-860fd85 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"860fd85\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"538\" height=\"668\" src=\"https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2021\/01\/alpha-and-gamma-neurexin.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-638\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2021\/01\/alpha-and-gamma-neurexin.png 538w, https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2021\/01\/alpha-and-gamma-neurexin-242x300.png 242w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 538px) 100vw, 538px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4187e3a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4187e3a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>We have found that a short isoform of neurexin, called gamma neurexin, <br \/>which is conserved from worms to humans, is sufficient for mediating <br \/>presynaptic stabilization and maturation despite not containing any <br \/>extracellular binding domains.<\/p>\n<p>Using proximity ligation (TurboID) and proteomics we found that the <br \/>intracellular domain of neurexin interacts with many actin-binding proteins <br \/>to mediate its function (Profes et al., 2024).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a2dc807\" data-eae-slider=\"14259\" data-id=\"a2dc807\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f2c7c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3f2c7c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"993\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2021\/01\/TurbiID-with-neurexin_BirA-caption-udpate-size-993x1024.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-650\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2021\/01\/TurbiID-with-neurexin_BirA-caption-udpate-size-993x1024.png 993w, https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2021\/01\/TurbiID-with-neurexin_BirA-caption-udpate-size-291x300.png 291w, https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2021\/01\/TurbiID-with-neurexin_BirA-caption-udpate-size-768x792.png 768w, https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2021\/01\/TurbiID-with-neurexin_BirA-caption-udpate-size-1489x1536.png 1489w, https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2021\/01\/TurbiID-with-neurexin_BirA-caption-udpate-size-1985x2048.png 1985w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 993px) 100vw, 993px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3483d20 elementor-widget-divider--view-line_icon elementor-view-default elementor-widget-divider--element-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3483d20\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" id=\"Layer_1\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" viewBox=\"0 0 875 875\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 875 875;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><style type=\"text\/css\">\t.st0{fill:#FFFFFF;}\t.st1{fill:none;stroke:#FFFFFF;stroke-width:0.75;stroke-miterlimit:10;}<\/style><g>\t<path d=\"M856.21,372.87c-2.73-34.66-56.95-59.5-116.9-57.58c-68.8,2.21-144.64,120.25-186.25,117.59   c-78.87-5.04-140.66-159.6-260.88-123.66c-95.06,27.81-82.88,89.61-139.99,128.31C103.33,474.74,12,373.58,12,373.58   s74.01,134.86,136.42,129.69c62.41-5.17,99.76-102.26,167.3-122.88s116.51,123.91,218.26,125.86   c102.07,1.95,172.07-117.99,211.87-129.93C785.78,364.35,847.86,390.05,856.21,372.87z\"><\/path><\/g><g>\t\t\t<ellipse transform=\"matrix(0.2111 -0.9775 0.9775 0.2111 292.2437 1063.4667)\" class=\"st0\" cx=\"804.98\" cy=\"350.68\" rx=\"8.99\" ry=\"13.79\"><\/ellipse>\t<ellipse class=\"st0\" cx=\"734.65\" cy=\"348.79\" rx=\"20.59\" ry=\"13.66\"><\/ellipse>\t<path class=\"st1\" d=\"M738.51,349.27c10.12-1.06,69.72-11.11,120.49,28.29\"><\/path><\/g><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6265c52 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6265c52\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4>What is the role of presynaptic mRNAs in synapse development?<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-abce80d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-eae-slider=\"22134\" data-id=\"abce80d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-15d6d84\" data-eae-slider=\"84978\" data-id=\"15d6d84\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d746fe0 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"d746fe0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;hosted&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;play_on_mobile&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;loop&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-hosted-video elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<video class=\"elementor-video\" src=\"https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2025\/08\/PVD-actin-RNA-inverted-cell-outline-on-all-frames.mp4\" autoplay=\"\" loop=\"\" controls=\"\" playsinline=\"\" controlsList=\"nodownload\"><\/video>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-352cf70\" data-eae-slider=\"26699\" data-id=\"352cf70\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4fb30cd elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"4fb30cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;hosted&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;play_on_mobile&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;loop&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-hosted-video elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<video class=\"elementor-video\" src=\"https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2025\/06\/PVD-actin-RNA-merged.mp4\" autoplay=\"\" loop=\"\" controls=\"\" playsinline=\"\" controlsList=\"nodownload\"><\/video>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0557795 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0557795\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Beta-actin mRNA labeled using the MS2 system allows for the visualization of both transcription sites in the nucleus (brightest spots) and RNA granules inside and outside of the nucleus.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-7a002c1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-eae-slider=\"30645\" data-id=\"7a002c1\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-6488e0d\" data-eae-slider=\"59867\" data-id=\"6488e0d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a1b158 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"9a1b158\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;hosted&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;play_on_mobile&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;loop&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-hosted-video elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<video class=\"elementor-video\" src=\"https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2025\/07\/Growth-cone-inverted-RNA-only-cell-outline-first-frames.mp4\" autoplay=\"\" loop=\"\" playsinline=\"\" controlsList=\"nodownload\"><\/video>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e066221\" data-eae-slider=\"41382\" data-id=\"e066221\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-abcddbc elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"abcddbc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;hosted&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;loop&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-hosted-video elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<video class=\"elementor-video\" src=\"https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2025\/07\/Growth-cone.mp4\" autoplay=\"\" loop=\"\" controlsList=\"nodownload\"><\/video>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06dbe3c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"06dbe3c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>During axonal outgrowth, actin mRNA granules are transported towards the growth cone.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2c9847 elementor-widget-divider--view-line_icon elementor-view-default elementor-widget-divider--element-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"a2c9847\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" id=\"Layer_1\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" viewBox=\"0 0 875 875\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 875 875;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><style type=\"text\/css\">\t.st0{fill:#FFFFFF;}\t.st1{fill:none;stroke:#FFFFFF;stroke-width:0.75;stroke-miterlimit:10;}<\/style><g>\t<path d=\"M856.21,372.87c-2.73-34.66-56.95-59.5-116.9-57.58c-68.8,2.21-144.64,120.25-186.25,117.59   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data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4>Non-canonical roles for cell adhesion molecules<\/h4><!-- \/wp:heading -->\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6dcc4b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d6dcc4b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"956\" height=\"808\" src=\"https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2023\/06\/image.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-917\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2023\/06\/image.png 956w, https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2023\/06\/image-300x254.png 300w, https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2023\/06\/image-768x649.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 956px) 100vw, 956px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba87c8f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ba87c8f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>We have identified non-canonical roles in synapse assembly for a pair of CAMs, SYG-1 and SYG-2. We have found that both SYG-1 and SYG-2 are expressed and function in the same presynaptic cell, suggesting they may interact in cis, contrary to their previously described role in the C. elegans HSN neuron. Furthermore, we have found that the intracellular domain of SYG-2 alone is sufficient for inducing presynaptic assembly, in contrast to the accepted idea that the extracellular domains of CAMs are required for their function. Using CRISPR transgenesis, we can identify the critical sub-domains of SYG-1 and SYG-2 required for their function in presynaptic assembly.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17ab80e1 elementor-widget-divider--view-line_icon elementor-view-default elementor-widget-divider--element-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"17ab80e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" id=\"section3\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" id=\"Layer_1\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" viewBox=\"0 0 875 875\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 875 875;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><style type=\"text\/css\">\t.st0{fill:#FFFFFF;}\t.st1{fill:none;stroke:#FFFFFF;stroke-width:0.75;stroke-miterlimit:10;}<\/style><g>\t<path d=\"M856.21,372.87c-2.73-34.66-56.95-59.5-116.9-57.58c-68.8,2.21-144.64,120.25-186.25,117.59   c-78.87-5.04-140.66-159.6-260.88-123.66c-95.06,27.81-82.88,89.61-139.99,128.31C103.33,474.74,12,373.58,12,373.58   s74.01,134.86,136.42,129.69c62.41-5.17,99.76-102.26,167.3-122.88s116.51,123.91,218.26,125.86   c102.07,1.95,172.07-117.99,211.87-129.93C785.78,364.35,847.86,390.05,856.21,372.87z\"><\/path><\/g><g>\t\t\t<ellipse transform=\"matrix(0.2111 -0.9775 0.9775 0.2111 292.2437 1063.4667)\" class=\"st0\" cx=\"804.98\" cy=\"350.68\" rx=\"8.99\" ry=\"13.79\"><\/ellipse>\t<ellipse class=\"st0\" cx=\"734.65\" cy=\"348.79\" rx=\"20.59\" ry=\"13.66\"><\/ellipse>\t<path class=\"st1\" d=\"M738.51,349.27c10.12-1.06,69.72-11.11,120.49,28.29\"><\/path><\/g><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7750969 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7750969\" data-element_type=\"widget\" id=\"#section5\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;font-style: normal\">Characterizing human patient calcium channel variants in <i style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-weight: 600\">C. elegans<\/i><\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2df7582 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2df7582\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"912\" src=\"https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2025\/07\/All-Variants_calcium-channel-mutations-figure-EDITABLE-version-of-Max-Zuluaga-figure-v2-open-and-inactive-channels-ADAPTED-v2-detailed-schematic-only-01-scaled.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-1533\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2025\/07\/All-Variants_calcium-channel-mutations-figure-EDITABLE-version-of-Max-Zuluaga-figure-v2-open-and-inactive-channels-ADAPTED-v2-detailed-schematic-only-01-scaled.png 2560w, https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2025\/07\/All-Variants_calcium-channel-mutations-figure-EDITABLE-version-of-Max-Zuluaga-figure-v2-open-and-inactive-channels-ADAPTED-v2-detailed-schematic-only-01-300x107.png 300w, https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2025\/07\/All-Variants_calcium-channel-mutations-figure-EDITABLE-version-of-Max-Zuluaga-figure-v2-open-and-inactive-channels-ADAPTED-v2-detailed-schematic-only-01-1024x365.png 1024w, https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2025\/07\/All-Variants_calcium-channel-mutations-figure-EDITABLE-version-of-Max-Zuluaga-figure-v2-open-and-inactive-channels-ADAPTED-v2-detailed-schematic-only-01-768x273.png 768w, https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2025\/07\/All-Variants_calcium-channel-mutations-figure-EDITABLE-version-of-Max-Zuluaga-figure-v2-open-and-inactive-channels-ADAPTED-v2-detailed-schematic-only-01-1536x547.png 1536w, https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2025\/07\/All-Variants_calcium-channel-mutations-figure-EDITABLE-version-of-Max-Zuluaga-figure-v2-open-and-inactive-channels-ADAPTED-v2-detailed-schematic-only-01-2048x729.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2864d7e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2864d7e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-weight: 400\">We are generating human patient variants in the CaV2-type voltage-gated calcium channel (encoded by the CACNA1A gene in humans) in the worm homolog (called UNC-2). Doing so enables us to understand the effect of these variants both on channel function and more broadly on synapse function, and may help explain why different variants in this single gene lead to such a diverse array of symptoms in patients.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-3260a1a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-eae-slider=\"5674\" data-id=\"3260a1a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e841aa0\" data-eae-slider=\"229\" data-id=\"e841aa0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7dff969 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7dff969\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"214\" src=\"https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2025\/07\/All-Variants_calcium-channel-mutations-figure-EDITABLE-version-of-Max-Zuluaga-figure-v2-open-and-inactive-channels-ADAPTED-v2-I-II-loop-only-01-1024x214.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1531\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2025\/07\/All-Variants_calcium-channel-mutations-figure-EDITABLE-version-of-Max-Zuluaga-figure-v2-open-and-inactive-channels-ADAPTED-v2-I-II-loop-only-01-1024x214.png 1024w, https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2025\/07\/All-Variants_calcium-channel-mutations-figure-EDITABLE-version-of-Max-Zuluaga-figure-v2-open-and-inactive-channels-ADAPTED-v2-I-II-loop-only-01-300x63.png 300w, https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2025\/07\/All-Variants_calcium-channel-mutations-figure-EDITABLE-version-of-Max-Zuluaga-figure-v2-open-and-inactive-channels-ADAPTED-v2-I-II-loop-only-01-768x160.png 768w, https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2025\/07\/All-Variants_calcium-channel-mutations-figure-EDITABLE-version-of-Max-Zuluaga-figure-v2-open-and-inactive-channels-ADAPTED-v2-I-II-loop-only-01-1536x320.png 1536w, https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2025\/07\/All-Variants_calcium-channel-mutations-figure-EDITABLE-version-of-Max-Zuluaga-figure-v2-open-and-inactive-channels-ADAPTED-v2-I-II-loop-only-01-2048x427.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-572d3b4\" data-eae-slider=\"27378\" data-id=\"572d3b4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a5a8125 elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"a5a8125\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;hosted&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;play_on_mobile&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;loop&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-hosted-video elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<video class=\"elementor-video\" src=\"https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2025\/06\/unc-2-with-I-II-loop-modeling-video.mp4\" autoplay=\"\" loop=\"\" controls=\"\" playsinline=\"\" controlsList=\"nodownload\"><\/video>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5314666 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5314666\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>We are also examining how alternative splicing of these channels (particularly in intracellular loops that govern channel inactivation kinetics) might interact with patient-derived variants.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-1b4cc78 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-eae-slider=\"95559\" data-id=\"1b4cc78\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-dd9d4a8\" data-eae-slider=\"12298\" data-id=\"dd9d4a8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12da036 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"12da036\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;hosted&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;play_on_mobile&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;loop&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-hosted-video elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<video class=\"elementor-video\" src=\"https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2025\/06\/some-gain-of-function-mutations-lead-to-increased-reversal-frequency-WT-video.mp4\" autoplay=\"\" loop=\"\" controls=\"\" playsinline=\"\" controlsList=\"nodownload\"><\/video>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43568a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"43568a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center\">wild type<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-9fc0d08\" data-eae-slider=\"50840\" data-id=\"9fc0d08\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e1bcff elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"5e1bcff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;hosted&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;play_on_mobile&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;loop&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-hosted-video elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<video class=\"elementor-video\" src=\"https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2025\/06\/some-gain-of-function-mutations-lead-to-increased-reversal-frequency-GOF-mutant-video.mp4\" autoplay=\"\" loop=\"\" controls=\"\" playsinline=\"\" controlsList=\"nodownload\"><\/video>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a9e93b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2a9e93b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center\">unc-2 mutant<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13908b0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"13908b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Behavioral changes, such as an increase in \u201creversals\u201d (or, backwards\/forwards movement switches), are characteristic of some gain-of-function mutants in these channels. 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SYNAPSE DEVELOPMENT CHARACTERIZING PATIENT VARIANTS IN PRESYNAPTIC CALCIUM CHANNELS What is the order of assembly at nascent presynaptic specializations? https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2025\/05\/detection-of-synaptic-proteins-at-early-stages-of-synapse-formation-in-the-embryonic-nerve-ring-video.mp4 Visualizing presynaptic protein accumulation in the embryonic nerve ring over development. We have found that the presynaptic scaffold protein SYD-1 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1127","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1127","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1127"}],"version-history":[{"count":150,"href":"https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1127\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1594,"href":"https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1127\/revisions\/1594"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurshanlab.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1127"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}